المشرف
وسام النجوم الذهبية
عدد المساهمات : 215
نقاط : 5853
تاريخ التسجيل : 26/12/2009
 |  موضوع: درس الانجليزية 04  السبت أبريل 03, 2010 4:19 pm | |
|
UNIT 3: ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
أهممفردات نصوص الصفحة 47 – الوحدة الثالثة-
Shape : to cause (something) to have a particular character or nature; form
تشكل
To be scientifically literate
أن تكون لك معرفةعلمية
To have well -reasoned views
أن تكون لك آراءمعقولة
To identify pseudo-scientific claims
التحقق من الادعاءاتالعلمية الزائفة
Literate citizens
مواطنينمتعلمين
Beneficial
نافع
Think critically
التفكير بشكلنقدي
---------------------------------
EXPRESSIONS OF PURPOSE
عبارات التعبير عن الغرض ص49
So / so as to / in order to
* We use so / so as to / in order to , to express purpose
Example
?A: Why did you call him
B: I called him in order to / so as to / to invite him
* The negatives are not to / in order not to / so as not to
Example
I called him not to congratulate him, but to invite him
------------------------
هنا تجدون نص الصفحة 50 من وحدة Advancesin Science and Technology
Insights into English: Text page 50
PART A:
Advancesin technology have changed the way we live and communicate, but no breakthroughhas revolutionized life as the advent of the « wireless ». In the 1980’s, telephones were stuck to walls. , facts were found in books and people had tobrowse shelves in a record store if they wanted to buy the latest music. Now, access to all of that and more is found by just reaching into our pockets. Withnew mobile technology and wireless technologies, information has become easilyaccessible. In the Information Age having immediate access to data isfundamental to progress. In some cases the advances are serving to overhaulindustries at a very fast pace. The internet has allowed music lovers to changethe way music industry does business. Text messaging over cell phones has madewritten communication more immediate. How many text messages have you senttoday? Having a com****r in almost every home was instrumental to this massivetechnology change. Now, having com****r access is available everywhere- well, almost everywhere. And just as com****r use worldwide is exploding, the brainsbehind them – the processors- are getting smaller. Today, a tiny com****r chipcan hold huge amounts of data. We can now store tons of information in a cellphone a digital camera and have them at our disposaleverywhere. When theinternet age dawned, the World Wide Web looked entirely unproblematic. Todayhowever, we face online scams and viruses
--xx--ingyour entertainmentexperience
Technological advances have also transformedthe entertainment industry. Satellite television and radio give us more choices. The development of the remote control allows us to access our preferredchannels. Video game technology has made great strides, too
Breakthrough = an important discovery orevent
The wireless was an important breakthrough inscience
حدث مهم
2- Fundamental = Important
Scientific research is fundamental to progress
مهم/ جوهري
3- Online scams: online fraud
Online scamis a major problem forinternet for online shoppers
عملية احتيال
4 - To make strides = to make headways/ to makeprogress
أن تحقق تقدما مهما
2
PART A:
Looking into thefuture
Manylife-changing innovations have been made in scientific laboratories. Researchershave decoded the genetic make-up of many organisms, which led to advances inbiotechnology, the science of manipulating and organism’s genetic material. DNAtesting and forensic science has made it extremely possible to reunite anunidentified baby with his parents after a natural disaster, for example. Amazing new technologies are changing the way crimes are investigated andsolved. Scientists are making headways in biometrics, which is the science ofdigitizing information such as fingerprints or facial features for accurateidentification
Making advances
Hybrid vehicles – thosevehicles that use at least two power sources, typically gasoline and electricitywill soon be on the market everywhere. The compact fluorescent light bulb is low -tech. Yet, it has revolutionized the quality of life. It is one of the mostsuccessful energy- saving devices developed to date. There are advances ineverything. From banking to shopping to investing, technology and the internetare transforming the way we conduct our global banking and financing. Bankcustomers can see everything from their checking account and savings account tohome mortgages and credit cards. Now they can do all of that 24 hours a day, seven days a week from their own homes. Breakthroughs in defense technologychanged the face of warfare. Smart bombs are guided to their targets bysatellites. Robots are used to disarm bombs. Laser technology is applied inmedicine and CD and DVD recording and playback. In space exploration, unmannedspacecraft have landed on Mars. The sky’s the limit for new technologyindustries!!
الأجوبة على أسئلة النص
For instance= forexample
To make headways= tomake progress
Biometrics= scienceof digitizing information
Hybrid vehicles= avehicle that uses two sources of power; gasoline andelectricity
Home mortgages= agreement that allows you to borrow money from a bank to buy ahouse
قرض عقاري
Text Col********s page 50
Part A
Col********s
Col********sare: the way in which somewords are used
together
For example: commit a crime
في الإنجليزية هناك كلمات تأتي دائما في الكلام مع بعضها البعض وتسمى col********
اليوم ندرس بعض من هذه الكلمات التي
في نص ص 50 من كتاب
Insights Into English
Verb+adjective+ noun
Adjective + Noun
Noun+Noun
Adverb+ Adjective
-To have immediate access
-To have com****r access
-To make great strides
-Wireless world
-Mobile technology
-Digital camera
-Online scams
-Technological advances
-The remote control
-Record store
-The information age
-Music industry
-Music lovers
-Entertainment industry
-Satellite television
-Easily accessible
--------------------------------
Part B
Verb+adjective+ noun
Adjective + Noun
Noun+Noun
Adverb+ Adjective
- to make extremely possible
-to make headways
-life-changing innovations
-scientific laboratories
- forensic science
-natural disaster
- -hybrid vehicles
-- facial features
- unmanned spacecraft
-power sources
-bank customers
-savings account
-credit cards
-home mortgages
-defence technology
-smart bombs
-laser technology
الشروحات
To have immediate access
أن يكون لك حق استعمال شيء بشكل فوري
EX/ Thanks to the internet, people have immediate access to data
To have com****r access
أن يكون لك حق استعمال الإنترنيت
EX/Most young people have com****r access in their cities
To make great strides
أن تحرز تقدما مهما
EX/ Scientists made great strides in technological sciences
Wireless world
عالم ألاسلكي
EX/They made great strides in wireless world technology
Scientific laboratories
المختبرات العلمية
Digital camera
الكاميرا الرقمية
Forensic science
العلم الشرعي
EX/ Great advances have been made in Forensic sciences
Online scams
عمليات احتيال على الإنترنيت
Natural disaster
كارثة طبيعية
EX/ The Tsunami in Asia was a major Natural disaster
Technological advances
التطورات التكنولوجية
The remote control
التحكم عن بعد
Record store
محل الأسطوانات الموسيقية
The information age
عصر المعلومات
EX/ The 21 st century is an information age century
Entertainment industry
صناعة التسلية
EX/ World Disney is an example of entertainment industry
Easily accessible
يمكن الوصول إليه بسهولة
EX/ With satellite TV watching films is easily accessible
To make extremely possible
أن تجعل الشيء ممكنا لأبعد الحدود
EX/ The internet has made it extremely possible for students to access information
To make headways
أن تحرز تقدما كبيرا
Life-changing innovations
ابتكارات تغير الحياة
Unmanned spacecraft
مركبة بدون طيار
Savings account
حساب المدخرات
Defence technology
تكنولوجيا الدفاع
Smart bombs
القنابل الذكية
Laser technology
تكنولوجيا الليزر
Making Complaints about behaviour
:There are a number of formulas used when complaining in English
هناك العديد من العبارات نستعملها لنشتكي من سلوك أحد أو الرد على الشكوى
التشكي من سلوكأحد
• I'm sorry to have to say this but...
• I'm sorry to bother you, but...
• Maybe you forgot to...
• I hate to mention this but …
• Would you please stop …
الرد على الشكوى
• I'm very sorry .
• I’m terribly sorry
• I’m awfully sorry
• I see no reason why I should do/stop……
:Examples
أمثلة
- Complaint: I am sorry to have to say that but you are making too much noise in the room
- Response: I’ m terribly sorry
- Complaint: I hate to mention this but you are always late for work
- Response: I see no reason why I should come early while all the clerks come late, too.
-------------------
درسLetter of complaint :writing
رسالة تشكي حول شيء اشتريته ووجدتبه خلل
Dear Sir or Madam,
On 23 d of April this year I bought an HP pentuim4 com****r with the serial 410 workstation at your com****r store
Unfortunately, your com****r has not performed well because it keeps shutting itself down and the keyboard remains inactive. I am disappointed because the product does not work properly
To resolve the problem, I would appreciate that you send someone to help repair the above mentioned com****r or else be sent my money back. Enclosed are copies of the guarantee, as well as the com****r bill price
I look forward to your reply and a resolution to my problem, and will wait until the end of this week before seeking help from a consumer protection agency or the Better Business Bureau. Please contact me at the above address or by phone at home
Sincerely,
Your name
-------------------------------
درس الصفحة 56
Modals: Expressing degrees of certainty
الأفعال المساعدة للتعبير عن درجة اليقينية/ التأكد
"Degree of certainty" refers to how sure we are-what we think the chances are-that something is true. If we are sure that something is true in the present, we do not need to use a modal. For example, if I say, "Martha is sick," I am sure; I am stating a fact that I am sure. My degree of certainty here is 100%. If I am asked "Why isn't Martha in class?" and I am not sure of the reason, I can respond in the following ways:
للتعبير عن مدى أو درجة التأكد أو اليقينية في فعل شيء ما نستعمل عدة عبارات مع أفعال مساعدة. و فيما يلي أمثلة على ذلك
1She must be sick.
Here, I am 95% sure that she is (not 100%)
تفيد التأكد بنسبة 95 في المئة Must
2She may be sick.
Here, I am 50% sure that she is
تفيد التأكد بنسبة 50 في المئة May
3She might be sick.
Here, I am less than 50% sure that she is
تفيد التأكد بنسبة أقل من 50 في المئة Might
4She could be sick.
Here, I am stating a mere guess. This is a very weak degree of certainty
أنا فقط أقدم افتراض أي أن درجة التأكد ضعيفة Could
The Negative
أسلوب النفي
Forming such sentences in the negative can be confusing. Read these sentences
Maria is not hungry.
I am 100% sure that she is not hungry.
كما في المثال فأنا متأكد مئة في المئة Verb to be عندما أستعمل
I don't know why Maria is not eating with us. She may
not (or might not) be hungry.
I am 50% or less certain that she is not hungry.
May not/ might not تفيد التأكد بنسبة 50 بالمئة
Maria cannot be hungry. She has just had diner.
Here, I believe that there is no possibility that Maria is hungry, but I am not 100% sure.
أعبر عن انعدام الإمكانية Can not هنا مع
Maria is not eating. She must not be hungry.
Here, I am expressing a logical conclusion, a best guess.
أعبر عن استنتاج منطقي ومعقول Must not هنا مع
إذا أردنا التعبير عن درجة من التأكد في الماضي يجب استعمال الصيغ التالية
Modal verb + have + past participle
Examples
Maria didn’t attend the meeting. She must have been sick
لا حظ عندما أغير الجملة للمضارع the present
Maria doesn’t attend the meeting. She must be sick
أي أننا نستعمل فقط الفعل المساعد المناسب
Could in the past
Could ماضي
Could is used to express ability in the past. Here it is
لتعبير عن القدرة على القيام بشيء في الماضي Could تستعمل
For example: My girlfriend could lift the desk, but I could not.
--- This means that my girlfriend was able to lift the desk, but I was unable to.
I could play football when I was a kid.
--------------------------
Phrasal verbs
الأفعال العبارية
صفحة 56
Phrasal verbs أو الأفعال العبارية هي الأفعال التي تتكون من فعل + حرف جر
مثل Go up , Get along, keep on
اليوم سنرى بعض الأفعال العبارية المدرجة في الوحدة الثانية من كتاب
IntoEnglishInsights
مع حروف الجر Up, down , along, across, on
Up: for increasing
تفيد الزيادة في الشيء
:Ex
Prices have gone up
Up: for completion
تفيد إنهاء شيئ ما
:Ex
!Drink your milk up
Down: for decreasing
تفيد النقصان
:Ex
Prices have come down
Up and Down: for excitement interest and happiness
يفيداني الإثارة والإهتمام والفرح
:Ex
Calm down
!Cheer up. Life is too short to be so unhappy
Along: for relationships
تفيد العلاقة
:Ex
I get along with my classmates
Across: so as to be understood or learned
تفيد الإيصال والإفهام
Ex:
He couldn’tgetthe ideaacrosstothe students
On: for progress
تفيد الصيرورة والإستمرار
:Ex
The work is good. Just keep on
منقول | |
|
